Advanced Layering Techniques for Miniatures

Layering is one of the fundamental techniques in miniature painting that separates a beginner paint job from a pro-level display piece. In this article, we will explore how to effectively use layering to create smooth transitions and realistic lighting effects on your 3D printed miniatures.

What is Layering?

Layering involves applying multiple thin coats of paint, each slightly lighter than the last, to build up highlights. Unlike drybrushing, which catches raised edges, layering allows you to place highlights exactly where you want them, simulating a light source.

Consistency is Key

The most common mistake is using paint that is too thick. Your paint should be the consistency of skim milk. If it's too thick, you will see brush strokes and texture. If it's too thin, it will run like a wash. You want it to be translucent enough that the layer underneath shows through slightly, helping to blend the colors.

The Process

Basecoat: Apply your darkest color (shadow).

First Layer: Mix your base color with a little bit of your highlight color (or use a pre-mixed mid-tone). Apply this to about 80% of the area, leaving the deepest recesses dark.

Second Layer: Add more highlight color. Apply to 50% of the area, moving towards the light source.

Final Highlight: Use your pure highlight color on the highest points or edges.

Glazing

To smooth out the transitions between layers, you can use a glaze. A glaze is very thinned down paint (mostly water or medium). Apply a glaze of your mid-tone over the entire area to tie the layers together and reduce the starkness of the transitions.

Practice Makes Perfect

Layering takes patience. It is better to apply two or three thin coats than one thick one. Practice on spare bits or failed prints before tackling your centerpiece model. Happy painting!